Positive reinforcement is a concept in psychology where a behavior is strengthened by the addition of a positive stimulus. This means that when a desired behavior is exhibited, a reward or positive consequence is given, which increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future. For example, giving a child a piece of candy for completing their homework on time.
Negative reinforcement, on the other hand, is when a behavior is strengthened by the removal or avoidance of a negative stimulus. This means that when a desired behavior is exhibited, something unpleasant or aversive is taken away, which increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future. For example, turning off a loud alarm when a person wakes up on time.
Both positive and negative reinforcement are important concepts in psychology as they can be used to shape and modify behavior in individuals. It is important to note that reinforcement is not the same as punishment, as punishment involves the addition of an aversive stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
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